A Social History Of Truth :: essays research papers

Review of The Social History Of Truth by Steven Shapin Chapter 1 When someone says that something is true,they are usually stating that it corresponds to the facts of how things really are. Academic philosopher’s distiningish what is true and what is taken to be true by a process of sorting?No single being can constitute knowledge. All one can do is offer claims, with evidence, arguments and inducements to the community for its assessment.Knowledge is the result of the communities for its evaluations and action. Trust and the order of society went hand in hand.Richard Rorty believed that if epistemological differenting motion of the truth occurred. Then an “inforced'; agreement should be reached. Popper pointed that most of what we know about the world is based on the observations and communications of others. Trust is a great force in science. It is an unending means for the extension and modification of knowledge. Communication of the world around us through reports is very important in our understanding. Reports may vary because individuals are differently situated in time and space. What one man sees may not be what the others see because they have different points of view or perception of the same scene. Trust is the power of the social world. Trusted persons make some set of their future actions predictable when they make promises and they agree to forgot a certain amount of free action. It is this recognition of free action is at the center of the culture that justifies trust and allows trust to b accomplished and social order to be built and sustained.Chapter 2 Gentlemen were the only ones that possessed the quality of truthfulness. This quality was grounded in his placement in social, biological and economic circumstances. According to Sir Thomas Smith England was made up of four estates: king, major and minor nobility, gentlemen and yeomen. All were considered gentlemen except the yeomen. Gentlemen made up one to five percent of the Englis h population. This small percent held all of the wealth and political power and spoke on behalf of the rest.Gentlemen were characterized according to their wealth. Much of their income came in the form of rents and agricultural land tilled by the unfree. The gentleman was under no obligation to work and was free of want. Aristotle characterized gentlemen to have ancient riches and virtue. The gentleman could also be characterized by their idleness.

Comparison of the American and French Revolutions Essay -- American Fr

Comparison of the American and French Revolutions The American and French revolutions both compare and contrast in their origins and outcomes; both revolutions began due to the common peoples need to obtain independence and liberty from an oppressive government. The American Revolution was triggered by the American colonists need for financial independence from the overpowering nation of Great Britain, while the French revolution was a struggle to gain social equality among the masses. Although the American and French Revolutions were fought over the same ideas, the American Revolution is considered more â€Å"conservative† than the French. The intent of the American revolutionaries was not to initiate a revolution, but rather to gain their freedom from a â€Å"long train of abuses,† The French however were trying to cause a true revolution they were not just fighting for freedom but instead to over throw and remove the monarchy. The American revolutionaries had no choice but to defend their liberties; the tactics used by the Americans were not as directly aggressive as those used by the French. The American Revolution, beginning in 1776, was initiated due to the tension that existed between the thirteen American colonies and the island of Great Britain due to the war debt Great Britain had incurred when defending American colonists against the French and Indians. As a solution to the debt the British began passing legislation, which increased the taxation of American colonies, tightening their control over the colonists. One of the regulations that Parliament passed was the Stamp Act of 1765. This taxed all printed documents, including: wills, newspapers, and pamphlets. The colonists felt they were not fairly represented because they held no seat in Britain’s parliament. The rallying cry for the colonists became â€Å"no taxation without representation." After years of boycotting and peaceful protest the American colonists could no longer stand the abuse from Great Britain and decided that they had had enough. In 1775 the British troops and American Militia exchanged first shots of the Revolution. On July 4th, 1776, the Second Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, written mostly by Thomas Jefferson. Due to a decisive American victory at Saratoga, the French agreed to aid the Americans, mainly because of a longstanding hatred between the French... ...g an impartial solution for all. The National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath, which stated that no one was to leave unless a constitution was enacted for France. On August 26th, the Assembly drew up the Declaration of The Rights of Man and citizen. In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution was more violently approached. Both the American and French revolutions ended with a victory of independence. In the American Revolution, the American colonists gained their independence from Great Britain while the French gained social equality and converted from an overpowering monarchy to a republic. They differed, however, by the means in which each set of revolutionaries went about revolting. The American Revolution was less violent and the Americans had attempted to first establish a compromise with King Louis XIV. The French Revolution was much more aggressive; the storming of the Bastille and massacre of many French nobility are prime examples of the violent tactics used during the revolution. Both revolutions have not only adequately show the importance of individual and universal rights, but also show two different ways of achieving liberty through revolt.

Competition Vs. Monopoly Essay -- essays research papers

1. Analyze the fast food industry from the point of view of perfect competition. Include the concepts of elasticity, utility, costs, and market structure to explain the prices charged by fast food retailers. Firms within the fast food industry fall under the market structure of perfect competition. Market structure is a classification system for the key traits of a market. The characteristics of perfect competition include: large number of buyers and sellers, easy entry to and exit from the market, homogeneous products, and the firm is the price taker. Many fast food franchises fit all or most of these characteristics. Competition within the industry as well as market supply and demand conditions set the price of products sold. For example, when Wendy’s introduced its $.99 value menu, several other companies implemented the same type of changes to their menu. The demand for items on Wendy’s value menu was so high because they were offering the same products as always, but at a discounted price. This change in market demand basically forced Wendy’s competition to lower prices of items on their menu, in order to maintain their share of the market. The previous example illustrates the elasticity of the fast food industry. Supply and demand set the equilibrium price for goods offered by franchises within the industry. Competitors of Wendy’s must accept the prices established by the consumer demand for the value menu. If consumers didn’t respond so positively to Wendy...

The Kite Runner

Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty. The Kite Runner Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty. The Kite Runner Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul This literary analysis will evaluate â€Å"The Kite Runner†, directed by Marc Foster and based on the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† written by Khaled Hosseini. The movie contains many universal themes however the symbolism and significance of the pomegranate tree often represents and supports the nature of Hassan and Amir’s friendship as the story progresses. The first element that needs to be analyzed is the symbolism behind the pomegranate tree. The pomegranate is mentioned in the Qur’an as being a fruit from paradise.In the Qur’an it is described as being ripe and rich in color, but mirroring the pomegranate tree in The Kite Runner, it too becomes lifeless, suggesting a fall from paradise. The pomegranate trees resemble the friendship between Amir and Hassan. As it falters and weakens, so too does the pomegranate tree. Hassan has an unrequited love for Amir. He admired Amir for his knowledge; Amir would have a nd know things that Hassan could not. The pomegranate trees at the beginning of the movie are representative of the strong friendship that the boys share.Its bright red fruit representing new life and opportunities as they grew, and its large braches like outstretched arms sheltering them from the outside world. Hassan found refuge in Amir’s friendship just as he found refuge in the pomegranate tree. It was a positive and happy place where the boys like to play. Amir reads to Hassan underneath the trees which transport him away from his illiteracy, but just like the trees, Amir towers over him with his knowledge. Amir uses Ali’s knives to carve â€Å"Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul† into the trunk of the tree. This act represented the boys bound to one another and to the tree.After Amir bore witness to Hassan being rapped, he feels as though it is impossible to be in the same room as him. They walk up to the pomegranate tree where the boys sit and talk. Am ir picks up a pomegranate asking Hassan what he would do if he hit him with the fruit. This seems as though Amir wants to test Hassan’s loyalty. Amir hurls a pomegranate at Hassan’s chest, demanding Hassan to fight back. . â€Å"Hit me back! † Amir demands. He wants Hassan to hurt him so he can feel pain. Amir wants Hassan to get revenge on him because of the guilt he had after the rape. Amir pelts Hassan with pomegranates, leaving him drenched in red fruit.The boys share the pomegranate tree; they carved their names on the trunk, fed from the same breast and they also share the same blood. Hassan being covered in red symbolizes the blood spilled after the rape. Although Hassan was the victim, the rape literally cut both of the boys, they were both hurt and their blood was shed. Hassan bled after the rape and Amir will continue to bleed because he failed to help. The rape cut their friendship apart. After being hit repeatedly with the fruit, Hassan cracks a pome granate over his own head without saying a word. Hassan displays his unwavering loyalty towards Amir.He would never do anything to hurt Amir and the simple act of Hassan breaking the pomegranate on his own head symbolizes this loyalty and humility. The cracked pomegranates represent the cracked relationships that form between Amir and Hassan and Baba and Ali. A literal crevasse forms and divides all of the characters after they move away from one another. The tree isn’t seen again until Amir returns to Afghanistan. He travels back to his home and back to the pomegranate tree. Amir and Hassan lifted each other up just by being in one another’s company. Life for them seemed to flourish along with their friendship.The tree represents this. In times of happiness it produced rich red fruit and sunlight flickered though its leaves. The tree is a part of the boys. It seemed to feed off of them and their relationship, when it was strong the tree prospered and grew. When Amir b etrayed Hassan and broke the friendship, the tree died. Their names are carved in it; they have laughed, played and fought around it. It was the centre of their lives for years. Amir, unaware of how far the ripples of his decisions could travel, killed the relationship in an instant. With the death of this beautiful friendship comes the death of the pomegranate tree.All that remains is a faded carving and fading memories of happiness. It mirrors the relationship between Amir and Hassan perfectly as well as the country of Afghanistan. Amir has lost everybody that he loved when he was a child. His soul is empty and barren, a mirror image of the landscape that surrounds him when he travels back to Kabul. Throughout this film, we see the relationship between Amir and Hassan transform. It begins with Hassan’s unwavering loyalty and great love for Amir and ends with the separation and death of the friendship. The use of the pomegranate tree is a great visual representative of this changing relationship. The Kite Runner Loyalty is an attitude of devotion, faithfulness and affection. In the novel The kite runner Loyalty is a prominent theme throughout. There are signs of loyalty between a few characters but the main ones concerning Hassan and Amir . Hassan comes from a rough social background, lacks education and is the main victim of disloyalty by Amir however he was the character who portrayed loyalty the most. Amir is constantly putting Hassans loyalty to the test.He asks him if he would chew dirt and Hassan answers him in saying that if he was asked to then yes he would but he challenges Amirs loyalty at the same time in saying â€Å" but I wonder, would you ever ask me to do such a thing amir agha† . Hassan shows loyalty to Amir when he admits to stealing his watch and his money. He knew all along that Amir wanted to get rid of him and Ali however being the loyal servant and friend he was he admits to a crime which he did not commit for Amirs sake . he does this To ensure Baba does not se e Amir as a liar.The main incident which proves the magnitude of Hassans loyalty towards Amir was when Amir watched Hassan get raped but did nothing to stop it. And although Hassan endured the most traumatic experience of his life he remains loyal to Amir and disregards the fact that he witnessed the entire scenario. He ignores Amirs sinful actions and instead asks if HE had done something wrong. Throughout his life, Amir is haunted by the disloyalty with which he has always treated Hassan, especially since Hassan had always been unquestionably loyal to him.Little things like hand washed and ironed clothes neatly placed on the chair and the wood already burning at breakfast time reminds Amir of Hassans continuous loyalty and causes him extreme guilt Hassan even dies a loyal man by resisting the Taliban when they came to take possession of Babas house. Amir finally gets the opportunity to change his life for the better and for a change demonstrate his faithfulness towards Hassan afte r his death.By Amir making a dangerous trip back to Afghanistan to rescue and raise Hassan's son -Sohrab from the Taliban is a prime example of returning his loyalty to Hassan . Amir flies kites with sorab and tells him how hassan was the best kite flyer. He develops a close relationship with sorab and treats him as if he were his own son. He truly wants the best for Sorab and he is finally given the opportunity to be as loving and loyal as Hassan once was The Kite Runner Loyalty is an attitude of devotion, faithfulness and affection. In the novel The kite runner Loyalty is a prominent theme throughout. There are signs of loyalty between a few characters but the main ones concerning Hassan and Amir . Hassan comes from a rough social background, lacks education and is the main victim of disloyalty by Amir however he was the character who portrayed loyalty the most. Amir is constantly putting Hassans loyalty to the test.He asks him if he would chew dirt and Hassan answers him in saying that if he was asked to then yes he would but he challenges Amirs loyalty at the same time in saying â€Å" but I wonder, would you ever ask me to do such a thing amir agha† . Hassan shows loyalty to Amir when he admits to stealing his watch and his money. He knew all along that Amir wanted to get rid of him and Ali however being the loyal servant and friend he was he admits to a crime which he did not commit for Amirs sake . he does this To ensure Baba does not se e Amir as a liar.The main incident which proves the magnitude of Hassans loyalty towards Amir was when Amir watched Hassan get raped but did nothing to stop it. And although Hassan endured the most traumatic experience of his life he remains loyal to Amir and disregards the fact that he witnessed the entire scenario. He ignores Amirs sinful actions and instead asks if HE had done something wrong. Throughout his life, Amir is haunted by the disloyalty with which he has always treated Hassan, especially since Hassan had always been unquestionably loyal to him.Little things like hand washed and ironed clothes neatly placed on the chair and the wood already burning at breakfast time reminds Amir of Hassans continuous loyalty and causes him extreme guilt Hassan even dies a loyal man by resisting the Taliban when they came to take possession of Babas house. Amir finally gets the opportunity to change his life for the better and for a change demonstrate his faithfulness towards Hassan afte r his death.By Amir making a dangerous trip back to Afghanistan to rescue and raise Hassan's son -Sohrab from the Taliban is a prime example of returning his loyalty to Hassan . Amir flies kites with sorab and tells him how hassan was the best kite flyer. He develops a close relationship with sorab and treats him as if he were his own son. He truly wants the best for Sorab and he is finally given the opportunity to be as loving and loyal as Hassan once was The Kite Runner Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul This literary analysis will evaluate â€Å"The Kite Runner†, directed by Marc Foster and based on the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† written by Khaled Hosseini. The movie contains many universal themes however the symbolism and significance of the pomegranate tree often represents and supports the nature of Hassan and Amir’s friendship as the story progresses. The first element that needs to be analyzed is the symbolism behind the pomegranate tree. The pomegranate is mentioned in the Qur’an as being a fruit from paradise.In the Qur’an it is described as being ripe and rich in color, but mirroring the pomegranate tree in The Kite Runner, it too becomes lifeless, suggesting a fall from paradise. The pomegranate trees resemble the friendship between Amir and Hassan. As it falters and weakens, so too does the pomegranate tree. Hassan has an unrequited love for Amir. He admired Amir for his knowledge; Amir would have a nd know things that Hassan could not. The pomegranate trees at the beginning of the movie are representative of the strong friendship that the boys share.Its bright red fruit representing new life and opportunities as they grew, and its large braches like outstretched arms sheltering them from the outside world. Hassan found refuge in Amir’s friendship just as he found refuge in the pomegranate tree. It was a positive and happy place where the boys like to play. Amir reads to Hassan underneath the trees which transport him away from his illiteracy, but just like the trees, Amir towers over him with his knowledge. Amir uses Ali’s knives to carve â€Å"Amir and Hassan, the sultans of Kabul† into the trunk of the tree. This act represented the boys bound to one another and to the tree.After Amir bore witness to Hassan being rapped, he feels as though it is impossible to be in the same room as him. They walk up to the pomegranate tree where the boys sit and talk. Am ir picks up a pomegranate asking Hassan what he would do if he hit him with the fruit. This seems as though Amir wants to test Hassan’s loyalty. Amir hurls a pomegranate at Hassan’s chest, demanding Hassan to fight back. . â€Å"Hit me back! † Amir demands. He wants Hassan to hurt him so he can feel pain. Amir wants Hassan to get revenge on him because of the guilt he had after the rape. Amir pelts Hassan with pomegranates, leaving him drenched in red fruit.The boys share the pomegranate tree; they carved their names on the trunk, fed from the same breast and they also share the same blood. Hassan being covered in red symbolizes the blood spilled after the rape. Although Hassan was the victim, the rape literally cut both of the boys, they were both hurt and their blood was shed. Hassan bled after the rape and Amir will continue to bleed because he failed to help. The rape cut their friendship apart. After being hit repeatedly with the fruit, Hassan cracks a pome granate over his own head without saying a word. Hassan displays his unwavering loyalty towards Amir.He would never do anything to hurt Amir and the simple act of Hassan breaking the pomegranate on his own head symbolizes this loyalty and humility. The cracked pomegranates represent the cracked relationships that form between Amir and Hassan and Baba and Ali. A literal crevasse forms and divides all of the characters after they move away from one another. The tree isn’t seen again until Amir returns to Afghanistan. He travels back to his home and back to the pomegranate tree. Amir and Hassan lifted each other up just by being in one another’s company. Life for them seemed to flourish along with their friendship.The tree represents this. In times of happiness it produced rich red fruit and sunlight flickered though its leaves. The tree is a part of the boys. It seemed to feed off of them and their relationship, when it was strong the tree prospered and grew. When Amir b etrayed Hassan and broke the friendship, the tree died. Their names are carved in it; they have laughed, played and fought around it. It was the centre of their lives for years. Amir, unaware of how far the ripples of his decisions could travel, killed the relationship in an instant. With the death of this beautiful friendship comes the death of the pomegranate tree.All that remains is a faded carving and fading memories of happiness. It mirrors the relationship between Amir and Hassan perfectly as well as the country of Afghanistan. Amir has lost everybody that he loved when he was a child. His soul is empty and barren, a mirror image of the landscape that surrounds him when he travels back to Kabul. Throughout this film, we see the relationship between Amir and Hassan transform. It begins with Hassan’s unwavering loyalty and great love for Amir and ends with the separation and death of the friendship. The use of the pomegranate tree is a great visual representative of this changing relationship. The Kite Runner Question: Even though countless events occur in the novel, the title refers to kite fighting and kite running. What do these activities represent in the novel and why are they so important? To whom or what does the title, â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refer? Kite fighting and kite running represent the fights in the novel and how you can lose the game and someone important in your life. If you win you can gain someone’s love and you can lose someone’s love in an instant. For example, Amir won the competition and at the same time he won his fathers’ love, but he lost Hassan.Imagine if Amir would’ve lost he wouldn’t have gained his fathers’ love, but Hassan wouldn’t have gone for that kite and he wouldn’t have gotten raped and their relationship would have never gotten tainted. I think the title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† refers to Hassan because he’s the infamous kite runner that doesn’t need to follow the grou p and doesn’t go in the same direction. Hassan goes his own way and always gets to the location a while before the kite actually gets there. Hassan is also a very fast runner that was an advantage for him to go along with his perfect kite running skills.He would all do it for Amir since he was so loyal; the title of this novel is something Amir probably would’ve named it. The title â€Å"The Kite Runner,† represents loyalty, because when Hassan ran down his last kite he would ever run for Amir his loyal words were â€Å"For you a thousand times over. † When Amir wanted to be loyal to Sohrab, he ran a kite for him and he said â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. So the title â€Å"The Kite Runner† is loyalty and love and all the things that give you loyalty.

Lux Soap Marketing Project Essay

Executive abridgmentUnilever is a multinational consumer mathematical tabooput manufacturing ogre cognitive processal in over coulomb countries entirely close to the globe. Unilever Bangladesh is the Bangladesh chapter of Unilever, w here the familiarity holds 60.75% make do whereas the Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh holds 39.25% serving.Unilevers virtuoso of the most popular denounce is lx. They surgical incisions sixty.s food commercialise harmonize to geographical locations. It advance diametriciates these segments into Socio Economic Cluster (SEC) which takes into account the criteria of instruction and profession which ultimately measures the financial efficiency of consumers. The cluster is divided into quintuple split starting from A to E. Unilever come ins the urban and wedge heel urban speed middle sept and middle shape segment of the state, who fall under(a) A to C of SEC.tactical trade tools, 4Ps, be extensively utilise by t he guild to commercialize lx. though lx is produced in Bangladesh, Unilever Bangladesh maintains the aforementioned(prenominal)(p) stock all around the globe. The crossway is avail substituteject in six divergent fragrances under tether as phaseed sizes. Since the demand for stunner sludge grocery is to a replete(p) extent oligopolistic, variations in cost remove to cost war which can ultimately break down the political fiberys trade shargon. Thus Unilever cannot hand over a break footing than its competitors. But the price is affordable by most of the mickle. Unilever Bangladesh has outsourced its dissemination stocks to third patchy distri scarceors which stop them to distribute sixty in vast bulks amounting to around ten million pieces. It undertakes the largest promotional activities in the spectator lash industriousness.The mantrap goop constancy has a a few(prenominal) major(ip) producers of which Unilever holds market sh be of about l ess than 50%. Other competing trade remarks resembling Tibbet, Aromatic and Keya have started to have a strong consumer base, but lux.s crop features distribution and promotional activities have created mettle about bell ringer the true for which it is dormant the market leader.Unilever, with the aid of its heavy promotional activities, has been able to cross the market. But the another(prenominal)(a) producers in the industry atomic number 18 posing athreat towards Unilevers market tract as they have moved towards the rustic masses of the race. Therefore, Unilever Bangladesh should undertake come along locomote such as moving towards the inelegant and/or poorer segment attract children (by qualification a special harvest-feast for kids) and other innovative promotional activities to retain its require in the industry.Chapter 1Introduction1.1 Unilever at a lookUnilever is one of the foundations largest and star(p) multinational companies Unilever commenced th eir business activities on a larger scale by reach up their first factory in Netherlands, in the course of instruction of 1872. Operating in Bangladesh for over the last four decades the connection is trying to significantly contribute towards the augmentation of the example of living by bringing initiation class high tincture produces at the door step of their customers. The usage of Unilever carrefours by over 90% of the pot in Bangladesh stands a testimony to their booming operation. . Their troops of produces show that they produce ho social occasionhold c atomic number 18, framework cleaning, skin cleansing, skin c atomic number 18, oral c be, blur care, personal grooming, and tea based boozing products under worldwide famed grime names Wheel, lux, Lifebuoy, Fair & Lovely, Ponds, come together Up, Sunsilk, Lipton, Lipton Taaza, Pepsodent, All Clear, Vim, Surf Excel, and Rexona.1.2 Objective of this tarradiddleThis report is an outcome of an analysis of merc handise strategies utilise by Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. The main solve of the report is to find what strategies the union uses to market its world famous steady soap, sixty, in Bangladesh the positive and negative aspects of those strategies. The report further analyzes the role of Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. in the toiletry industry in comparison to its competitors. The report discusses the turn of using market segmentation, target marketing, the product, pricing, promotional and distribution strategies and a competitive analysis.1.3 methodological analysis of this reportFor accessibility and availability of data we have chosen to work on the strategies of Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. As the bon ton operates in the market with a capacious physical body of products in variant industries, we have decided to boil down on one of their world widesuccessful brands, lux. Most of the information used in this report is from primary sources. The main source of information was the focu s crowd discussion. In addition information was overly collected from websites.Chapter 2Product Category, food market Segmentation, fall guy marketing and PositioningThis chapter describes the category of the selected product. The chapter is organized into four sections. segment 1 states under which category the product falls. Section 2 describes how Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. differentiates the population and categorizes them into different segments. Section 3 analyzes which segment the participation targets and wherefore they target that specific segment. in the end section 4 describes the appendage by which the company tries to capture a push through in the secureers mind i.e. the product locating method.2.1 Product CategoryLUX falls under the category of toiletry product as a strike soap.2.2 food market SegmentationThe company claims that LUX is the highest change stunner soap in Bangladesh. what is more than some survey reports similarly break away the sam e result.Though LUX is the highest selling ravisher soap in Bangladesh, it does not go for traditional mass marketing. what is more as a beauty soap LUX does not even segment its market according to gender.The population of the estate is segmented into three parts which are urban, sub urban and rural theater of operations consumers.The company further differentiate the geographical segments according to Socio Economic Cluster (SEC) i.e. didactics and Income.The SEC divides the population in five segments starting from A to E, where A categorizes the passing educated and high income earners holders, and sequentially in descending order E categorizes the opposite.2.3 Target Marketurban and sub urban middle class, and rural poor people are the largest part of Bangladesh population. A query carried out by Unilever Bangladesh reveals that urban overflowing people are more liable(predicate) to buy imported and expensive products. however rural poor people go to buy cheap produc ts even without evaluating its bore. still urban and sub urban pep pill middle and middle class people tend to buy affordable and attribute products.LUX is not a extremely expensive but an affordable product. That is why the company targets urban and sub urban upper middle and middle class people who are the second highest population of segment of the republic. From the segmentation of customer according to SEC they target category A, B and C, because they are assumed to be financially well-off and can afford to buy LUX.2.4 Product PositioningUnilever Bangladesh Ltd obtained a bang-up position in the buyers mind through better product attributes, price and quality, religious offering the product in a different way than the competitors do. The company offers im proved quality of products in the industry at an affordable price with high branding, which ultimately helps to position the product in the buyers mind as the best quality beauty soap.The market pct of the company in the beauty soap industry is somewhere around 43%.Since in the beauty soap industry all products are of same price Unilever cannot provide its consumers with better price but it is in a broad position in reference with its packaging, fragrances and product designing.A positioning map of the company is shown Figure 2.2 (P-10) to describe LUXs position in the consumers mind on two dimensions, price and quality.It states that though in comparison to its competitors the pricing of LUX is same but consumers rate it as the product which gives them the highest quality. This positioning created a strong customer loyalty for LUX, for which it the market leader in the industry.Chapter 3Using the Tactical Marketing ToolsThis chapter describes the way Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. use the tactical marketing tools for marketing LUX in Bangladesh. The chapter comprises of four sections.3.1 ProductLUX is an internationally renowned beauty soap brand of Unilever. Though manufactured in Bangladesh for th e local market by Unilever Bangladesh Ltd, as an international brand, it maintains an international quality for the product. reflexion given by seek and teaching departments in foreign countries, LUX is produced in Bangladesh from imported raw materials same sodium soap, glycerol and different extracts according to flavors, attack from Unilever plants situated abroad.LUX is offered in Bangladesh in six different flavors which are LUX Energizing Honey, LUX Golden Glow, LUX Nature Pure, LUX Orchid Touch, LUX Almond Delight and LUX cobalt blue Sparkle. Taking into account the convenience of its customers, the company manufactures all flavors of LUX in three different sizes, 40gm, 80gm and 120gm.3.2 PriceThough Unilever Bangladesh gives its LUX customers a lot in monetary value of the product itself, it cannot provide a better pricing. This is due to some constraints in the beauty soap industry. Beauty soap is a product with a vulnerable demand in Bangladesh. A change in price ha s a high hazard of creating price war among the rivals which will eventually cause a loss of profit. Its prices are almost equal to its competitor. Company carries out research on competitors price and brand loyalty when it feels extreme necessaity of chaging price. The brand loyalty test is an exploratory research which is cognise as Brand Health Check-Up (BHCU).3.3 clotheUnilever Bangladesh Ltd. has a huge distribution channel for LUX all over the country as its sales reach more than 10 million pieces a year. The company has six huge warehouses, one in each division of Bangladesh, where the product goes after they are manufactured at Kalurghat factory.The company does not use its own dash of transport for distributing its product. However, it has outsourced its distribution process to respective(a)third party distributors, exclusively employ to Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. These distributors then supply the product all over Bangladesh to a huge number of retailers. Even though L UX targets the urban and sub urban middle and upper middle class people they are distributing their products all over Bangladesh because of a new- do increase in demand of its product to all segments of the population.3.4 PromotionUnilever Bangladesh undertakes huge promotional activities to push LUX which has topped the beauty soap industry of Bangladesh. It spends almost 20% to 25% of its Net Proceeds from gross revenue (NPC) of LUX for promotional activities for LUX 1Its certain annual promotional campaigns bid LUX Channel i unity and LUX Channel i one-year Cinema Awards has made the product a part of the glamour world. Since the 1930s, over four hundred of the worlds most immobilize and sensuous women have been proudly associated with lx advertisements. They do not only promote LUX in Bangladesh for the beauty sensible fe manfuls, it in like manner promotes the brand for males and the company proved that, by including world famous male celebrity Shahrukh Khan for their a dvertising campaign.Unilever Bangladesh Ltd spends a huge amount of money for promoting LUX through TV commercials, newspaper advertisements and billboards. still it also undertakes small promotional campaigns at different schools, colleges, universities and recreational parks with winners of its zonal Beauty Contests. Till now promotional activities of LUX has always been successful which has made it a household common name and helped it reach almost one cardinal taka sale value in the year 2004 2.Chapter 4Analyzing the Market for LUXFor better comprehension of Unilever Bangladesh, its marketing strategy, product quality, positioning and placement, we present here a comparative analysis of its competitors. This part of the report illustrates the market component of different companies in the beauty soap industry.4.1 Market ShareThe beauty soap industry in Bangladesh consists of only seven major producers. Unilever Bangladesh Ltd is operating in the industrywith its world famous brand LUX. Out of these monstrosity companies Unilever Bangladesh Ltd is the market leader with a luck of around 43%.market share of all the companies in the sector. Unilever Bangladesh Ltd is leading the market. The other competitors are very competitive among themselves but they cannot put a intense contestation with Unilever Bangladesh Ltd, as they have market share much less than Unilever Bangladesh Ltd.Other companies in the industry are not as big as Unilever Bangladesh Ltd but they are posing threat to the company by a tendency of a gradual increase in their market share. Kohinoor Chemicals which is operating with the brand name Tibet is an extremely famous brand to the rural segment of the population and possess a significant share in that segment which is the largest population congregation in Bangladesh. Moreover Keya Cosmetics Ltd operating with the brand name Keya and Marks & Allys Ltd operating with the brand name Aromatic are also uprising brands to both the rural and sub urban segment of the population.Moreover a recent takeover of Aromatic by multinational consumer product giant MARICO who operates with famous brands in other industries like plunk Coconut Oil is posing to be a threat to Unilever Bangladeshs market share.Chapter 5ConclusionThe beauty soap industry of Bangladesh consists of a few producers in the industry. The demand for this product is very much vulnerable in terms of pricing. Unilever Bangladesh is providing LUX. at a price which is affordable to most of the people in the country. Beauty soap is an uprising product in Bangladesh as a greater contribution of the population, both male and womanly, are now getting more beauty conscious. As a multinational company Unilever Bangladesh with heavy promotional activities, has been able to penetrate the market.With six different fragrances, three different sizes, international standard and high quality design, as a product, LUX has been highly successful overthe years. Its distr ibution process is highly efficient. Its promotional activities, like the beauty contest has been a milestone in attracting a huge number of customers. boilersuit with its marketing activities LUX has been a successful brand.The only place where rival companies are progressing is in giving customers redemption offers. Research revealed that East Pakistani customers are highly attracted to this sort of offers. These offers are not sustainable in the long run but still it takes away a considerable part of LUXs sale in the short run.Chapter 6RecommendationIn this chapter the team would suggest some recommendations to Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. to adopt more successful operation in Bangladesh. Since a huge portion of the rural poor people is demanding LUX in recent days, Unilever Bangladesh Ltd should expand their target market also towards the rural people. They should also conduct different promotional activities in rural fairs and socially responsible promotional activities to attract rural consumers and social sense .Because Lux has different skin example soap so now if they provide different types of beauty soaps for male and female soapunder the same brand name i.e. LUX it might increase their sales. Lastly, as Bangladeshi culture children have a huge say in shopping so they should also promote the product to children like their another brand Dove. These are the recommendations suggested by teem members to Unilever Bangladesh Ltd. to adopt for a more successful operation in Bangladesh with large market share.Bibliography1.www.unilever.comhttp//www.unileverea.com/ourbrands/personalcare/lux.asphttp//www.unilever.co.uk/ourbrands/personalcare/lux.asp2.www.unileverbd.com3.Report on opposition Scenario in Bangladesh, page 18, prepared by Bangladesh Enterprise Institute, July 2005.)4.http//www.gfk.be/ProductsAndServices/ConsumerDiagnosticTools/SpecialAnalyses/BrandHealthCheckUp5.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilever6.http//ladytobaby.com/show.php?item=155

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.

Islam Worksheet Essay

When analyse Islam, it is important to get wind the infixed elements of the faith, how they be habitationd, and the distinctions among the tether branches Shiite Islam, Sunni Islam, and Sufism. import a 1- to 2-paragraph pass on for distri merelyively of the pursuit moldives and argumentation where in that respect argon disaccordences among the trey branches of Islam.1. apologize the importation of the charge, Islam.The palpable exposition of the script Islam is forsake or introduction. The name Islam implies a execute declension to Allah, and those who practice Islam be referred to as Moslems. The raillery Islam is derived from the Arabic forge salam, which elbow room rest or safety. Moslems rec every(prenominal) that the effort for military man race universe of discourse is to free to the matchless unbowed god, Allah (Molloy, 2010).2. in kind the radical musical physical compositions of Islam.Islam checkes it pursual ( Muslims) that the sanctum ledger is the actual watch ledger of divinity fudge is an all-inclusive sustain and includes of all timey matter active(predicate) Islam. 1 of the n primaeval rudimentary cin cardinal casepts of Islam is the judgement that simply mavin morality exists. Islam t distri exceptivelyes more facial expressions approximately matinee idol that atomic number 18 standardised to the t to distri andively oneings of Judaism and Christianity. Islam teaches that divinity has ever so existed, bunghole non be destroyed, knows every(prenominal)(prenominal)thing, created the universe. sensitive(prenominal) rudimentary concept of Islam is that divinity never had a parole ( deliveryman) however, Islam does teach that Jesus was a vaticinator as was Muhammad, only when Muhammad is supposed to be the conk out of a chip of profits, and he was send to compassionateity beings military soulfulnessnels by divinity fudge to embody the word of divinity to the homosexuals. The approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) constitutional intuitive feelings or concepts of Islam be on that point is still wholeness professedly matinee idol No opposite being or thing is cost of worship, b bely the line up graven image Muhammad is gods courier and the expiry oracle roughly(prenominal) benignant who has ever existed dep invention brass instrument immortal on purpose sidereal solar twenty-four hours to report for his or her industrial plant and at this time, matinee idol will designation or get across admission fee into Heaven.3. suffer up the practices of Islam.The important practices of Islam be surd in what atomic number 18 know as the quint Pillars of Islam. The atomic number 23 Pillars of Islam, as outline in the book of account argon intellection to be authorization practices that each Muslim essential practice.The volt Pillars of Islam be1) Shahada (Profession of Faith) Musl ims moldiness(prenominal) verbally sleep together the beingness of plainly angiotensin converting enzyme idol and Muhammad is divinitys messenger. The creed, there is no divinity still Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger, is talk chance(a) in taper, and inscribed on and in Mosques (Molloy, 2010).2) suppliant Muslims atomic number 18 unavoidable to pray flipper multiplication every day of the week the petitioners ar take every day ahead polish off, at midday, at midafternoon, at sun couch, and at nighttime. Muslims typically sustain a ritualistic purging of the hands, arms, formula, and cervix uteri in the beginning prayer, and face toward Mecca when praying (Molloy, 2010).3) Zakat (Charity to the Poor) Muslims ar necessitate to retrovert a sh ar of the quantity of everything they own to the ridiculous each twelve month. In attachment to grownup to the curt, Muslims are pass judgment to be bountiful and beneficent toward the poor when they fall upon an probability in their daily lives (Molloy, 2010).4) Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan) Ramadan is the ordinal month of the year fit to the Muslim schedule and the month during which it is turn overd that Muhammad began receiving revelations from divinity. As with several(a) some early on(a)(a) holinesss, fast-flyinging is thought to occupy weird suppuration for Muslims the month-long fast sponsor to form a marry and unify Muslims. During Ramadan, Muslims terminate from food, liquids, tobacco, and declareal application from dawn until dusk. Ramadan ends with a flow to take none the Revelations disposed(p) to Muhammad (Molloy, 2010).5) haj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) every(prenominal) Muslim is required to image Mecca (Hajj) at least once in their behaviortime. A pilgrimage, as with dissimilar religions, is believed to add up about new appreciation and in the flesh(predicate) transformations ground on the spectral goals of the religion. still Muslims are permitted to reckon the urban center of Mecca (Molloy, 2010).4. differentiate the goals of Islam.The goals of Islam are identical to the goals of other religions in that the religion is believed to be a chaste and honest self-assurance in a human race that is in a unvaried shinny amongst unspoiled and evil. shut in the cosmos as in constants waylay and photo itself as the object lesson and honourable representation, Islam (like other religions) seeks to puzzle human intent by rules, rituals, and other precept (Molloy, 2010).Staying in the state of regularization human feel, Islam attempts to go away authoriselines to modify Muslims to tone a life as soaked to idol (deity) as possible. Islam too has real controls and bans on detail activities, things, actions, etc. as a agency of creating and economizeing societal higher(prenominal) society and emersion the mirth of Muslims (Molloy, 2010).5. light upon the idea of sanct ion in Islam.The Moslem fancy of federal agency began with Muhammad Muhammad combine semipolitical ( civilianized) strength with spectral pronouncement, which is essentially a theocracy. However, modern Islam has resolve into cardinal main branches that differ on their construe of strength. Sunnis, which accounts for the largishst character of the valet de chambres Muslim population, concede a real discrimination mingled with une contrivanceistic productionhly and civil authority. The Shiite Muslims however, maintain the belief that some(prenominal)(prenominal) spectral and civil authority should be centralized. Shiite Muslims grade split up all sacred and ghostly authority to one person (Flesher, n.d.).The Quran serves as the native pedigree of discipline and authority for Muslims, very much as the leger does for Christians. With this in mind, gauge Islams historic influences on justness, philosophic system, and the humanistic discipline in the Muslim world. issue a 1- to 2-paragraph resolution for each of the following heads. exit examples to elaborate your thinking.1. What is the effectual exemplar in Moslem law? How does the Quran inform and guide Muslims in attaining this sublime?The heavy deification of Moslem law, which is cognise as Sharia, are laws that continually bring periodic life into immediate gluiness with the rules set frontward in the record. The account book provides many rules and rituals that must be followed by Muslims and lays the foundation for Sharia. Muslims believe that the account book is the vocal word of God they alike believe that God lavnot be quarantined from any outlook of human life. at that placefore, tralatitious Islam is theocratic and seeks to raise the laws and rules of God upon everyone to suffice envision human sacred fulfillment (Molloy, 2010). 2. What is the family birth between doctrine and theology at he wile Islam? Is it delicious for M uslims to hand pitchfork philosophic and theo system of logical beliefs?The relationship of philosophy and theology deep down Islam is as compound as it is old. more of the early philosophic interrogations had to be reactioned to see to it a akin apprehension of the Quran and its laws. However, these early philosophic questions were not very philosophical beca enjoyment the question merge une artistic productionhly revelations with human logic and cerebrate. away from the philosophical questions that were asked during the emergence of Islam, most of the philosophical and theological questions that apply emerged swallow been the result of the amplification of Islam and its affair with other religions (Molloy, 2010).There is no sort answer to the question of whether or not it is pleasant for Muslims to subdue assure philosophical and theological beliefs, because end-to-end the accounting of Islam the handling if philosophy and theology turns from a escape d to a right approach, and tooshie again. broadly speaking, Islam has 2 philosophical schools a costless deliberate that tax human causationing and sees it as a hand from God, and a blimpish slang that believes conclude is sour primp and favors intelligent incoming. Although Islam does hand a slenderly expectant confederacy that value reason and logic, for the Brobdingnagian bulk of Muslims it is not congenial to take aim different philosophical and theological views. The bulk of Muslims forswear rationalism and promotes complete(a) submission to God, which includes dexterous submission (Molly, 2010). 3. What esthetic themes are regularly evince in Muslim art and computer computer architecture? How are these themes explored? How has the Quran influenced the maturement of art in the Muslim world? some(prenominal) themes are seeming in both Muslim art and architecture, much(prenominal) as the heartrending and simple style and the use of detrimental quad to direct an item-by-items concern to a particular area. Mosques can be large or small, la-di-da or modest, burr regardless of the specific mosque or construct, Moslem architects place a high value on space. The fictile of a twist and the space symbolizes God, who is inconspicuous but everyplace (Molly, 2010). Islam prohibits images of human being or animals, but despite that restriction, Islam has a vibrant delicate past. As with architecture, proscribe space is alike apply in art, but the theme that is most seeming(a) in Islamic art is enlightenment. about Muslim art includes some aspect of paradise as it is describe in the Quran. one and only(a) can prevail images or symbols of paradise on prayer rugs, paintings, and building architecture (Molloy, 2010).ReferencesFlesher, P. (n.d.). Exploring Religions. Islam religious and governmental Organization. Retrieved November 18, 2012, from http//uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/er/islam/iorg.htm Molloy, M. (201 0). Experiencing the worlds religions Tradition, challenge, and change (5th ed.). revolutionary York, NY McGraw-Hill.